中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
Meta四季度净利润下降55%,元宇宙部门去年亏137亿美元******
拥有Facebook、Instagram和WhatsApp的Meta发布了截至12月31日的2022财年第四季度及全年财报。财报显示,Meta第四季度总营收为321.65亿美元,较上年同期的336.71亿美元下降4%;净利润为46.52亿美元,较上年同期的102.85亿美元大降55%。
即便Meta四季度净利润大降,但依旧略高于预期,此前市场普遍预期Meta第四季度净利润下降幅度为60 亿美元。同时,该公司将2023年的支出预期下调了50亿美元,并宣布追加400亿美元用于股票回购。
Meta股价在盘后交易中疯狂飙升,涨超20%。彭博社估计,如果这一收益持续存在,它的市值将增加约760亿美元。截至目前,Meta股价为153.120美元。
预计今年将恢复增长
2022年,在经济放缓的背景下,Meta受到多方挑战。一方面来自TikTok的竞争日渐加剧,另一方面苹果隐私政策变化后,公司的广告活动受到了挑战。Meta在11月首次宣布裁员,裁员数量为1.1万人,占员工总数的13%,以期削减成本。尽管如此,其利润在本季度受到了重挫。公司第四季度净收入下降55%至47亿美元。
在与投资者的电话会议开始时,扎克伯格说了他的2023年管理主题——“效率年”。他表示,Meta现在专注于减少一些中层管理人员,削减绩效不佳的项目。
“我们可以做更多的事情来提高我们的生产力、速度和成本结构。”扎克伯格说。“2022年是充满挑战的一年。但我认为,只要我们继续提高效率,我们最终在主要优先事项上取得了良好进展,并为今年取得更好的成绩做好了准备。”
第四季度,Meta多款应用的月活跃用户增长了4%,累计达到37.4亿,Facebook应用的用户数量增长了2%,达到29.6亿。
Meta预计2023年第一季度的收入将达到260亿美元至285亿美元,与273亿美元的平均预期相符。分析师预测,Meta将在本期之后恢复增长。
竞争对手Snapchat的母公司Snap周二给出了扭盈为亏的财报数据,导致其股价下跌10%。首席执行官埃文·斯皮格尔(Evan Spiegel)表示,广告下滑似乎正在触底反弹。“广告需求并没有真正改善,但也没有明显恶化。”
开始盯上人工智能
值得一提的是,Meta被外界广泛关注的包含元宇宙业务的部门Reality Labs仍在持续烧钱,该部门2022年第四季度实现7.27亿美元,同比下降17.1%;第四季度亏损额达42.79亿美元,全年亏损额达到137.17亿美元,亏损额同比分别增长29.50%和34.57%。公司表示这是由于虚拟头显(VR headset)Quest的销售额下降。
Meta公共政策董事总经理陈澍此前在接受第一财经记者采访时表示,元宇宙的经济潜力前景非常大。“我们跟一些汽车厂商有合作,他们已经可以在原宇宙里设计和测试汽车,这个效果其实远远超过手绘或建造一个概念车来实验。”目前,扎克伯格已经花费数百亿美元打造元宇宙,不过在业内人士看来,目前Meta的多数努力仍处于早期阶段,这意味着大部分投资带来的回报并不会很快。
扎克伯格2月1日对投资者提出了公司新的基调:在人工智能的大力帮助下,这家社交媒体巨头将变得更精简、更高效、更果断。他表示,该公司正在使用人工智能来改进其内容推荐的方式——一种让平台对用户和广告商等更具吸引力的策略。
他还表示,他希望Meta成为生成式人工智能领域的“领导者”,这是一种快速兴起的技术,可用于制作图形或文学等新颖内容。“你会看到我们今年推出了许多不同的东西,”扎克伯格说。
然而,新的内容推荐方式是否能够帮助Meta重获广告商的青睐还是个未知数,目前Meta仍未摆脱数字广告需求低迷的影响。研究机构Insider Intelligence最新报告指出,Meta和谷歌母公司Alphabet的美国广告营收的合计市场占有率,预计2023年将下滑2.5个百分点至48.4%。Insider Intelligence预计2023年Meta的美国广告营收增长率分别仅有5%。
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)